En esta investigación se analizó los factores de riesgo presentes en la ideación suicida de 124 adolescentes de media vocacional, con edades comprendidas entre 14 a 18 años, mediante la aplicación del Inventario PANSI en dos Instituciones Educativas de la localidad de Fontibón. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de diseño no experimental de tipo transversal descriptivo correlacional. Entre los resultados que se obtuvieron se evidencia correlación entre las variables que se midieron, considerando que los puntajes más altos son las causas (...) que llevan a que los adolescentes presenten conducta suicida. Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó el programa SPSS Windows 17, en el cual se muestra que los factores más comunes de conductas suicidas en estas instituciones son: la tristeza, la soledad, la depresión, la ideación suicida y la desesperanza, acompañado de factores protectores como: la autoconfianza, la esperanza, la alegría, la satisfacción con la vida y el autocontrol. Enfocado hacia el campo de la psicología forense, se evidencia la ausencia de material teórico y empírico que argumente las evidencias encontradas en este estudio. (shrink)

Perseitas vol. 9 de 2021 contiene una selección de 2 artículos de investigación científica y tecnológica, 17 artículos de reflexión derivados de investigación, 4 artículos de reflexión no derivado de investigación, 1 muestra de poemas y 1 entrevista. Como es usual, esta entrega se caracteriza por ofrecer un amplio abanico de temas dentro del área de las humanidades.

Any complete account of morality should be able to account for its characteristic normativity; we show that enactivism is able to do so while doing justice to the situated and interactive nature of morality. Moral normativity primarily arises in interpersonal interaction and is characterized by agents’ possibility of irrevocably changing each other’s autonomies, that is, the possibility of harming or expanding each other’s autonomy. We defend that moral normativity, as opposed to social and other forms of normativity, regulates and, in (...) some cases, constitutes this very possibility. Agents are thus morally responsible for caring about their own and others’ autonomies in interaction. In our conception, moral normativity is embodied, situated, and deeply affective, and is constituted in social practices and maintained in interaction. We identify at least two necessary conditions for moral normativity to arise as a social practice. The first is our embodied constitution as living beings who are precarious and therefore vulnerable and in need of interaction with others and with the environment. The second is our sociolinguistic nature, which allows us to exponentially expand our possibilities for action and normatively distinguish among them. We finish by drawing a distinction between moral character and the moral content of interactions, which allows us to universally recognize the ethical dimensions of all human interaction while doing justice to the situated character of morals. (shrink)

Attempting to escape from the substantialist cartesian dualism, some take our conceptual schemes as dualist. Thus, Feigl makes the distinction between the mental and the physical from an epistemological viewpoint, accepting as distinctive of the mental a direct and immediate knowledge which has no place in the physical, but however he accepts the identity between mental states and neurological states. In a similar way, Davidson, stating that all events are physical, characterizes the mental as a specific manner of describing neurological (...) events, which is also accepted by Quine in his latest books. I take that theory as implying that there are mental properties, like those defined by Searle as macroproperties of the brain. But I see no reason to talk about the mind, unless with the purpose of abbreviating more complex expressions like ‘the set of mental properties’, or perhaps ‘the set of human psychological capacities’, as Kenny proposes. (shrink)

The marketplace has seen significant growth in the demand for ‘ethical’ behavior, and banks are seeking to leverage customers’ perception in order to build a sustainable competitive advantage. In consequence, the concepts of corporate social responsibility and corporate reputation are of vital concern for academics and managers in terms of their potential impact on customers. This study seeks to contribute to the literature by examining the mediating role of corporate reputation on the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility and customer (...) loyalty. The study also takes into consideration the role played by bank type in the mediation effect. To achieve this aim, a study was performed comprising 572 personal surveys in the Basque Country. The results showed that corporate reputation partially mediated the relation between corporate social responsibility and customer loyalty. On the other hand, bank type is shown not to moderate the mediation effect. The results have important implications for practitioners wishing to manage their relations with customers. (shrink)

Pour peu qu'on ait vécu et réfléchi, l'absence de Dieu est une expérience absolument commune et déroutante. Et c'est souvent autour d'elle que surgissent les diverses attitudes : la religion, l'athéisme, la foi. Ce livre s'efforce d'abord d'analyser ces réactions. Il en tire ensuite un principe d'interprétation pour aborder les questions fondamentales que se pose l'homme devant Dieu. Enfin, il s'attache à situer la prière comme accueil de Dieu et acte de foi. Le style, le contenu et la méthode de (...) cet ouvrage le désignent particulièrement à l'attention de lecteurs à la recherche d'une pensée cohérente. Il voudrait les aider à élaborer un bilan de leur expérience humaine devant Dieu. (shrink)

Attempting to escape from the substantialist cartesian dualism, some take our conceptual schemes as dualist. Thus, Feigl makes the distinction between the mental and the physical from an epistemological viewpoint, accepting as distinctive of the mental a direct and immediate knowledge which has no place in the physical, but however he accepts the identity between mental states and neurological states. In a similar way, Davidson, stating that all events are physical, characterizes the mental as a specific manner of describing neurological (...) events, which is also accepted by Quine in his latest books. I take that theory as implying that there are mental properties, like those defined by Searle as macroproperties of the brain. But I see no reason to talk about the mind, unless with the purpose of abbreviating more complex expressions like ‘the set of mental properties’, or perhaps ‘the set of human psychological capacities’, as Kenny proposes. (shrink)

An impossible world is a world which necessarily does not exist. Besides the paradigm of necessity, wich is logical necesslty, we must consider physical necessity and ethical necessity, both of wich can beexpressed in terms of logical necessity, in the way suggested by Montague. Accordingly, an impossible world can be logically impossible, physically impossible or ethically impossible, but in every case the impossibility can be reduced to logical impossibility, and in consequence an impossible world is irrational and cannot be understood (...) by us. An illustration is taken from the incongruities of Kafka’s story in Di Verwandlung. (shrink)

El intento de librarnos del dualismo sustancialista cartesiano conduce a algunos a traspasar el dualismo a nuestros esquemas de conceptualización. Así, Feigl coloca la distinción entre lo físico y lo mental en un nivel epistemológico, aceptando como distintivo de lo mental un conocimiento directo e inmediato que no tiene lugar con respecto a lo físico, aun cuando acepte la identidad entre los estados mentales y los estados cerebrales. De modo parecido, Davidson, manteniendo que todo suceso es físico, caracteriza lo mental (...) como una manera peculiar de describir los estados del cerebro, y es una idea... (Leer más) aceptada también por Quine en sus últimos libros. Me parece que esta explicación obliga a aceptar que haya propiedades mentales, como las que Searle, por ejemplo, define como macropropiedades del cerebro. Pero nada de ello justifica que sigamos hablando de la mente, a menos que sea para abreviar una expresión más compleja como �conjunto de las propiedades mentales�, o tal vez �conjunto de las capacidades psicológicas humanas�, como hace Kenny. (shrink)

The object of the essay is to examine what is basically mental in humans as compared to animals. Differences in respect of the concept of will and in respect of the concept of intellect are examined following ideas expressed by Anthony Kenny in The Metaphysics of Mind, and some criticisms are suggested. Accepting the thesis put forward by Edelman as well as by Damasio that a neurological self is necessary for the development of consciousness, a scientific reading is given to (...) Kant�s idea of the self as well as to that of Wittgenstein in the Tractatus. For the same reasons, Wittgenstein�s later rejection of the concept of self is criticized. (shrink)

1. Teoría de los signos, teoría de la gramática, epistemología del lenguaje -- 2. Teoría del significado.

Se caracteriza las estrategias de afrontamiento que presentan 278 estudiantes, de 10 a 15 años, víctimas de acoso escolar y cyberbullying. La investigación es cuantitativa, con alcance descriptivo-relacional, haciendo uso de la escala Brief COPE. La data reportó que los estudiantes víctimas usaron pocas veces estrategias de primera dimensión, centradas en la resolución del problema y búsqueda de apoyo social.

Recent studies in social endocrinology have explored the effects of social relationships on female reproductive steroid hormones—estradiol and progesterone—investigating whether they are suppressed in partnered and parous women. Results have been mixed for these hormones although evidence is more consistent that partnered women and women with young children have lower levels of testosterone. These studies were sequential to earlier research on men, based on Wingfield’s Challenge Hypothesis, which showed that men in committed relationships, or with young children, have lower levels (...) of testosterone than unpartnered men or men with older or no children. The study described here explored associations between estradiol and progesterone with partnership and parity among women from two different ethnicities: South Asian and white British. We hypothesized that both steroid hormones would be lower among partnered and/or parous women with children ≤3 years old, regardless of ethnicity. In this study we analyzed data from 320 Bangladeshi and British women of European origin aged 18 to 50 who participated in two previous studies of reproductive ecology and health. Levels of estradiol and progesterone were assayed using saliva and/or serum samples and the body mass index calculated from anthropometric data. Questionnaires provided other covariates. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. The hypotheses were not supported. We argue here that, unlike links between testosterone and male social relationships, theoretical foundations for such relationships with female reproductive steroid hormones are lacking, especially given the primary role of these steroids in regulating female reproductive function. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the bases of independent relationships between social factors and female reproductive steroid hormones. (shrink)

Economies of scale and equivalent consumption units, which are present in households, must be considered in the measurement of monetary poverty, in order to obtain indicators that approximate the reality of each household. Therefore, in this research, monetary poverty in Ecuador is measured and analyzed at the provincial level for the period 2009–2016. It works with data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment and the INEC methodology is used to measure poverty, but per-capita income is replaced by (...) equivalent income, generated by applying a one-parameter scale and two two-parameter scales. The main results show that monetary poverty rates are significantly lower when equivalent income is applied, that there is high poverty sensitivity depending on the equivalence scale used and that the provinces with the highest levels of poverty are located in the Amazon region. (shrink)

El propósito del presente artículo es establecer cómo los estilos de afrontamiento en niños influyen en su comportamiento prosocial, particularmente en aquellos afectados por el cambio estructural de la familia derivado del divorcio o separación de sus padres. En la actualidad, las estadísticas evidencian el aumento de los divorcios como secuela de la pandemia. El divorcio altera la parte psicoafectiva de los hijos, quienes manifiestan dificultades a nivel académico, cambios de estado de ánimo y de comportamiento, junto a problemas de (...) interrelación con los demás. Asimismo, como cada familia funciona con una dinámica propia, también serán diferentes los modos de afrontar y recuperar la salud emocional, psicológica y social. Apreciaremos la relación de la conducta prosocial y los estilos de afrontamiento en niños de padres separados, teniendo en cuenta que esta se relaciona con la empatía, y consideraremos la influencia positiva o negativa de los miembros de la familia. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe-se a discutir a possibilidade de utilizar as tecnologias digitais online e as redes sociais como espaço de aprendizagem digital de uma maneira que favoreça a aprendizagem cooperativa entre os estudantes, alicerçado na Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget. Este estudo foi baseado em uma pesquisa-ação, nas aulas de Matemática, realizada com estudantes do ensino médio integrado em informática do IFRS – Campus Osório (RS), em 2011 e 2012-1. Os estudantes demonstraram apropriação deste espaço de aprendizagem digital, como o (...) Facebook, e apontaram que este potencializa a aprendizagem cooperativa no que tange à disciplina de Matemática, por ações colaborativas com a professora. (shrink)

Background The ethical principle of justice demands that resources be distributed equally and based on evidence. Guidelines regarding forgoing of CPR are unavailable and there is large variance in the reported rates of attempted CPR in in-hospital cardiac arrest. The main objective of this work was to study whether local culture and physician preferences may affect spur-of-the-moment decisions in unexpected in-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods Cross sectional questionnaire survey conducted among a convenience sample of physicians that likely comprise code team members (...) in their country. The questionnaire included details regarding respondent demographics and training, personal value judgments and preferences as well as professional experience regarding CPR and forgoing of resuscitation. Results Of the 675 questionnaires distributed, 617 were completed and returned. Country of practice and level of knowledge about resuscitation were strongly associated with avoiding CPR performance. Mexican physicians were almost twicemore likely to forgo CPR than their Israeli and Indonesian/Malaysian counterparts [OR1.84, p = 0.038]. Mexican responders also placed greater emphasison personal and patient quality of life. In multivariate analysis, degree of religiosity was most strongly associated with willingness to forgo CPR; orthodox respondents were more than twice more likely to report having forgone CPR for apatient they do not know than secular and observant respondents, regardless of the country of practice [OR 2.12, p = 0.003]. Conclusions In unexpected in-hospital cardiac arrest the decision to perform or withhold CPR may be affected by physician knowledge and local culture as well as personal preferences. Physician CPR training should include information regarding predictors of patient outcome at as well as emphasis on differentiating between patient and personal preferences in an emergency. (shrink)

Este artículo traza una relación entre tres de los autores más influyentes de la doctrina del atomismo lógico a partir de la noción de análisis lógico, sin embargo, dicha relación busca no solo la constatación de su cercanía doctrinal sino la concepción ontológica que subyace a la posibilidad de dicho análisis, para el caso de Russell y Wittgenstein, o su ausencia, para el caso de Carnap, lo cual, no obstante, no aleja a este de preocupaciones de carácter metafísico, ya que (...) en los tres autores la relación entre lenguaje y mundo, ya sea desde la dimensión ontológica o epistemológica, comporta una reflexión de primer orden. Para exponer lo anterior se recurre a dilucidar la relación entre nombres propios y hechos (Russell), objetos simples y estado de cosas (Wittgenstein) y la postura de la Ciencia Unificada (Carnap) con respecto a la representación de hechos o cosas. (shrink)

El artículo trata sobre la antropología de la masculinidad y de la feminidad, a partir de la experiencia del cuerpo y de la experiencia de la soledad originaria, tal como Juan Pablo II las analizó en sus Catequesis sobre el amor humano. Así, a partir de la experiencia del propio cuerpo sexuado, podemos llegar a la comprensión de la estructura comunional de la diferencia sexual. Varón y mujer son y existen en una «comunión de personas», y constituyen la estructura (...) central que articula y sostiene el orden personal. (shrink)